| Vortrag |
in der Arbeitsgruppe "Integration von Fremdwörtern"
bei der 24. Jahrestagung
der Deutschen
Gesellschaft für Sprachwissenschaft in Mannheim
gehalten am 28. Februar 2002 |
| dt. |
Fremdwörter und Kyrillisch |
| russ. |
Inostrannye slova i kirillica |
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| Abstract |
There are several ways of integrating foreign words (incl. proper names)
graphically. The aim of practical transcription is to represent the
alien pronunciation with native orthographic rules (e.g. G. Büro
for Fr. bureau), whereas transplantation, transliteration,
and exact transcription conserve the pronunciation and/or orthography
of the original (e.g. Chinese Deng Xiao Ping with Pinyin
<x> for a voiceless semi-palatal fricative), but they require the
reader to know special pronunciation rules (which in this case differ from
the general pronunciation of <x> as [ks]). |
| A special feature of Cyrillic writing systems as opposed to Roman ones
seems to be that they completely rely on native pronunciation rules and
do not allow the integration of foreign orthographic conventions (whether
from a Roman or from a Cyrillic source). That this is indeed a matter of
alphabet rather than of language type becomes quite obvious when comparing
Serbian with Croatian: The two languages have essentially the same grammar
and the same orthography (and were indeed viewed as varieties of one Serbocroatian
language until recently). However, while Croatian is always written in a
Roman alphabet, Serbian uses Roman and Cyrillic letters equally, i.e. it
has one orthography but two scripts (and these scripts are mutually transliteratable
on the basis of biunique correspondences between the graphemes). Consequently,
foreign words (especially names) are always transcribed according to their
pronunciation in Serbian (e.g. Cirih), whereas into Croatian
they are usually transplanted in their original orthography (e.g. Zürich).
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| However, due to globalization and the use of computer-based text processors,
transplantation of Roman (especially English) words into Cyrillic texts
is becoming more frequent, particularly in Russian: A dictionary of new
Russian words published in 1998 includes an appendix of foreign words frequently
written in Roman letters. This tendency is to be expected for Serbian as
well, although it would further reduce the orthographic distance between
Serbian and Croatian.
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